Global value chains encompass all activities that are necessary for the production of a good or service and generate added value for the product, involving more than one country. They therefore also refer to the cross-border transfer of tasks, which is particularly important for the added value created or generated by these tasks.
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Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., & Sturgeon, T. (2005). The governance of global value chains. Review of International Political Economy, 12(1), 78-104.